Mycologia 104(1):1–13īirhane E, Gebremedihin KM, Tadesse T, Hailemariam M, Solomon N (2017) Exclosures restored the density and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Smith SE, Read DJ (2010) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. In: Grillo O (ed) Biodiversity: The Dynamic Balance of the Planet. Nature 403(6772):838–853īerruti A, Borriello R, Orgiazzi A, Barbera AC, Lumini E, Bianciotto V (2014) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their value for ecosystem management. Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Da Fonseca GA, Kent J (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Addis Ababa IBC (2009) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Ethiopia’s 4th Country Report.
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Ray R, Chandran MS, Ramachandra TV (2014) Socio-cultural protection of endemic trees in humanised landscape. Jacob M, Frankl A, Beeckman H, Mesfin G, Hendrickx M, Guyassa E, Nyssen J (2015) North Ethiopian afro-alpine tree line dynamics and forest-cover change since the early 20th century. Earthscan, pp 123–132Īerts R, Van Overtveld K, Haile M, Hermy M, Deckers J, Muys B (2006) Species composition and diversity of small Afromontane forest fragments in northern Ethiopia. In: Bongers F, Tennigkeit T (eds) Degraded Forests in Eastern Africa: Management and Restoration. Wassie A, Bongers F, Sterck FJ, Teketay D (2010) Church forests– relics of dry Afromontane forests of Northern Ethiopia: opportunities and challenges for conservation and restoration. Laurance WF (2005) When bigger is better: the need for Amazonian mega-reserves. However, Hagenia abyssinica, another Rosales, had the highest spore density in the highland ecoregion. In the highland, no Ficus species were found. While we cannot separate whether spore density was temperature or soil limited, we can demonstrate the importance of conserving certain tree species, particularly Ficus species, which harbor high spore densities, in both lowland and midland church forests. We found strong negative correlations between altitude and both spore density and root colonization and soil fertility. The topsoil had significantly ( p < 0.05) higher root colonization and AMF abundance than subsurface soil. However, we found a significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in root colonization and AMF abundance in forests at high elevation. All the surveyed church forest species were colonized by AMF. The aim of the study was to quantify the AMF spore density and root colonization along altitudinal gradients in three agro-ecological zones of nine church forests in northern Ethiopia. However, there is a knowledge gap about how fragmented native forest remnants might contribute to AMF conservation, what is the AMF spore density and root colonization, and to what extent climate change, particularly warming, might impact AMF. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore density and root colonization are considered sensitive to host species and abiotic factors such as climate and soil.
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